7210 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in biological sciences such as biochemistry and cell biology; bioinformatics and computational biology; evolutionary biology; genetics; microbiology; plant biology and zoology

This subcategory excludes:

• industrial biotechnology, see 72.10.32

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in chemical sciences such as analytical chemistry; inorganic chemistry; macromolecular and material chemistry; medicinal and biomolecular chemistry; organic chemistry, and physical and theoretical chemistry

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in computer and information sciences such as applied computing; artificial intelligence; computer vision and multimedia computation; cybersecurity and privacy; data management and data science; distributed computing and systems software; graphics, augmented reality and games; human-centred computing; information systems; library and information studies; machine learning; software engineering, and theory of computation

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in earth and environmental sciences such as atmospheric sciences; climate change sciences; ecology; environmental management; geochemistry; geoinformatics; geology; geophysics; hydrology; oceanography; physical geography and environmental geoscience; and soil sciences

This subcategory excludes:

• environmental engineering, see 72.10.25
• environmental biotechnology, see 72.10.31

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in mathematics such as applied mathematics; mathematical physics; numerical and computational mathematics; pure mathematics, and statistics

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in physical sciences such as astronomical sciences; atomic, molecular and optical physics; classical physics; condensed matter physics; medical and biological physics; nuclear and plasma physics; particle and high energy physics; quantum physics; space sciences, and synchrotons and accelerators.

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in other natural sciences

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in civil engineering such as architectural engineering; civil geotechnical engineering; construction engineering; earthquake engineering; fire safety engineering; infrastructure engineering; structural engineering; transport engineering, and water resources engineering

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in chemical engineering such as carbon capture engineering; chemical and thermal process engineering; electrochemical energy storage and conversion; food engineering; process control and simulation; reaction engineering; separation technologies, and water and wastewater treatment processes

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in electrical engineering such as electrical circuits and systems; electrical energy generation, storage and transmission; electrical machines and drives; engineering electromagnetics, and photovoltaic power systems

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in electronic engineering such as analog and digital electronic devices; electronic instrumentation and sensors; industrial electronics; microelectronics; photonic and electro-optical devices, sensors and systems; quantum engineering systems, and radio frequency engineering

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in environmental engineering such as air pollution modelling and control; environmentally sustainable engineering; global and planetary environmental engineering; health and ecological risk assessment; life cycle assessment and industrial ecology, and waste management and recycling

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in materials engineering such as ceramics; composite and hybrid materials; compound, elemental and organic semiconductors; glass; metals and alloy materials; polymers and plastics; timber, pulp and paper, and wearable materials

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in mechanical engineering such as acoustics and noise control; dynamics, vibration and vibration control; energy generation, conversion and storage; mechanical asset management; microelectromechanical systems; solid mechanics, and tribology

This subcategory excludes:

• chemical energy generation, conversion and storage, see 72.10.22
• electrical energy generation, conversion and storage, see 72.10.23

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in medical engineering such as medical applications, treatments and diagnostic technologies; medical computer assisted procedures and treatments; medical devices and medical informatics and imaging

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in other engineering such as agricultural engineering; engineering instrumentation; resource engineering and extractive metallurgy, and granular mechanics

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in environmental biotechnology such as biodiscovery; biological control; bioremediation; environmental biotechnology diagnostics; environmental biotechnology, environmental nanotechnology and nanometrology, and environmental marine biotechnology

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in industrial biotechnology such as biocatalysis and enzyme technology, bioprocessing and bioproduction, fermentation, industrial biotechnology diagnostics, industrial microbiology, industrial molecular engineering, and nanobiotechnology

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in nanotechnology such as micro- and nanosystems, nanoelectromechanical systems, nanoelectronics, nanofabrication, nanomanufacturing, nanomaterials, nanometrology, and nanophotonics

This subcategory excludes:

• environmental nanotechnology, see 72.10.31

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in other technology such as non-genetically modified uses of biotechnology

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in basic medicine such as aged health care; family care; general practice; mental health services; palliative care; primary health care, and rural and remote health services

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in basic medicine such as aged health care; family care; general practice; mental health services; palliative care; primary health care, and rural and remote health services

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in health sciences such as allied health and rehabilitation science, epidemiology, health systems, midwifery, nursing, public health, sports science and traditional, complementary and integrative medicine

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in medical biotechnology such as gene and molecular therapy, medical biotechnology diagnostics, medical molecular engineering, nanomedicine, nanotoxicology and regenerative medicine

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in other medical and health sciences such as arts therapy; audiology; chiropractic; music therapy; naturopathy; occupational therapy; orthoptics; physiotherapy; podiatry; prosthetics and orthotics; speech pathology, and traditional and integrative medicine

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in agricultural biotechnology; agricultural marine biotechnology; agricultural molecular engineering; genetically modified animals; field crops and pastures; horticulture, plants and trees; livestock cloning, and transgenesis

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in agriculture, fisheries and forestry sciences such as agriculture, land and farm management; agroforestry; aquaculture; crop and pasture production; fisheries management; forest diversity and ecosystems, forest management; horticultural production; oenology and viticulture; post-harvest technologies, and wood processing

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in animal and dairy sciences such as animal growth and development; animal management; animal nutrition; animal reproduction and breeding, and animal welfare.

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in veterinary sciences such as veterinary anaesthesiology, anatomy, bacteriology, diagnosis and diagnostics, epidemiology, immunology, medicine, mycology, parasitology, pathology, pharmacology, surgery, urology and virology.

This subcategory includes:

• research and development services in other agricultural and veterinary sciences such as fertilisers, and sustainable agricultural development